Most of Mexico City's more than 150 museums can be visited from Tuesday to Sunday from 10 am to 5 pm, although some of them have extended schedules, such as the Museum of Anthropology and History, which is open to 7 pm. The city has 16 subdivisions, formerly known as boroughs. Other guests are the golden eagle, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, caracara, zebras, African elephant, macaw, hippo, among others. XHIMT 7, Tehuehuetzin (¿?-1504), lord, king of Cuauhnáhuac in 1491. The above municipalities are located in the state of Mexico but are part of the Greater Mexico City area. After the Spanish conquest and until the early 20th century, land ownership was centered largely on haciendas. Courses throughout the city are available as private as well as public venues. Sus géneros musicales incluyeron tex-mex, ranchera, balada, mariachi, pop latino y cumbia mexicana.Además de su carrera principal como cantante, también fue una empresaria, modelo, bailarina, actriz y diseñadora de modas. These include Paris' Au Pied de Cochon and Brasserie Lipp, Philippe (by Philippe Chow); Nobu, Quintonil, Morimoto; Pámpano, owned by Mexican-raised opera singer Plácido Domingo. This area did not include the population centers of the towns of Coyoacán, Xochimilco, Mexicaltzingo and Tlalpan, all of which remained as part of the State of Mexico.[91]. ", "Los árabes de México. [86] Despite the cleanup, the metropolitan area is still the most ozone-polluted part of the country, with ozone levels 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits. XHTRES 28, Victoriano Huerta, chief general of the Federal Army, saw a chance to take power, forcing Madero and Pino Suarez to sign resignations. [88] When the levels of these two pollutants reached critical levels, contingency actions were implemented which included closing factories, changing school hours, and extending the A day without a car program to two days of the week. For the 2019 list of World's 50 Best Restaurants as named by the British magazine Restaurant, Mexico City ranked 12th best with the Mexican avant-garde restaurant Pujol (owned by Mexican chef Enrique Olvera). Álvaro Obregón (pop. Other major higher-education institutions in the city include the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), the National School of Anthropology and History (ENAH), the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (3 campuses), the Universidad Panamericana (UP), the Universidad La Salle, the Universidad del Valle de México (UVM), the Universidad Anáhuac, Simón Bolívar University (USB), the Alliant International University, the Universidad Iberoamericana, El Colegio de México (Colmex), Escuela Libre de Derecho and the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica, (CIDE). [105] Political scientist Markus-Michael Müller argues that mostly informal street vendors are hit by these measures. "No habrá más microbuses en la CDMX: Mancera" (Mancera states that there will not be any more microbuses in Mexico City), "Al término del gobierno de Mancera ya no habrá microbuses: Semovi", "En operación 69 autobuses Mercedes-Benz Revista Auto Motores Informa", "Inician operación 85 autobuses Mercedes-Benz en Corredor Chapultepec-Palmas – transporteinformativo.com", "Presentación del corredor Tacubaya- La Valenciana", "Cambios en ex Ruta 86 causan inconformidad entre choferes", "Encabeza Jefe de Gobierno inicio de operaciones de los Corredores Sevilla-Defensa y Toreo-Buenavista", "Inauguran corredor de transporte Palmas-Chapultepec", "Usuarios de M1 se quejan de exceso en tiempos de espera", "Abre Ebrard segundos pisos (Ebrard opens "second levels")", "Actualización Del Programa Hoy No Circula", "Mexican Emission Standards based on Federal Tier I Light-duty Vehicles up to 6000 lbs. Based on the Constitution of 1915, General Alvaro Obregon established the Ley de Ejidos in 1920 which essentially established communal ownership of rural lands. The two largest media companies in the Spanish-speaking world, Televisa and TV Azteca, are headquartered in Mexico City. The Last Stand: An Aztec Iliad", "The Storming of Chapultepec (General Pillow's Attack)", "Mexico City: Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Management of Urban Water Resources", New York Times: "Mexico City, Parched and Sinking, Faces a Water Crisis" By Michael Kimmelman, "Reporte Diario del Observatorio de Tacubaya", "Program to improve air quality in the Metropolitan zone of the valley of Mexico – 2002. From then, artistic expressions in Mexico were mostly religious in theme. The top twelve percent of GDP per capita holders in the city had a mean disposable income of US$98,517 in 2007. Viñeta: Quiosco Morisco, centro de la Alameda de Santa María La Ribera, Ciudad de México, D. F. Diseño del Ingeniero José Ramón Ibarrola para Each icon was developed based on historical (characters, sites, pre-Hispanic motifs), linguistic, symbolic (glyphs) or geographic references. Bullfighting takes place every Sunday during bullfighting season at the 50,000-seat Plaza México, the world's largest bullring. The Legislative Assembly of Mexico City is formed, as it is the case for state legislatures in Mexico, by both single-seat and proportional seats, making it a system of parallel voting. It was also the site of two major riots in the seventeenth century, one in 1624, the other in 1692. The patron saint of Mexico City is Saint Philip of Jesus, a Mexican Catholic missionary who became one of the Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan.[129]. 12. In addition to this, entrance to most museums are free on Sunday. [35], Between 1325 and 1521, Tenochtitlan grew in size and strength, eventually dominating the other city-states around Lake Texcoco and in the Valley of Mexico. Both races were removed from their series' schedules for 2009. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico is the largest archdiocese in the world. XHCTMX 3, The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan, which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. Noticias, vídeos y fotos de Cultura ), discovered the Virgen de Tlaltenango on August 30, 1720, Domingo de la Anunciación (16th century), evangelizer of, Gregorio Lemercier (1912-1987), founder of the monastery of, José Agapito Mateo Minos Campuzano (1852–1938), priest and historian from, Antonio de Roa (1491-? [43] In 1969, the Metro system was inaugurated. The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in what is now the far north of the city.[58]. (The Templo Mayor was discovered in 1978 while workers were digging to place underground electric cables). In 2000, Andrés Manuel López Obrador was elected, and he resigned in 2005 to run in the 2006 presidential elections; Alejandro Encinas was designated by the Legislative Assembly to finish the term. those of José Guadalupe Posada and Manuel Manilla. 384,326), 9. There are a multitude of venues hosting Spanish and foreign-language performers. During the winter, the main square of the Zócalo is transformed into a gigantic ice skating rink, which is said to be the largest in the world behind that of Moscow's Red Square. The wholesale market supplies most of the city's "mercados", supermarkets and restaurants, as well as people who come to buy the produce for themselves. The Museo de Arte Moderno (Museum of Modern Art) is a repository of Mexican artists from the 20th century, including Rivera, Orozco, Siqueiros, Kahlo, Gerzso, Carrington, Tamayo, among others, and also regularly hosts temporary exhibits of international modern art. This was the case even though this government could not handle the population and pollution problems adequately. The two main candidates to become the capital were Mexico City and Querétaro. It is also a leading center of the advertising industry. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries. It will have its own constitution and its legislature, and its delegaciones will now be headed by mayors. Sundays see the largest number of these markets. The Metropolitan Cathedral still displays works by Juan de Rojas, Juan Correa and an oil painting whose authorship has been attributed to Murillo. The city of Mexico-Tenochtitlan was founded by the Mexica people in 1325. [32][33], Farmers, landowners, entrepreneurs, investors. There is evidence of some regional specialties being made available for recent migrants; at least two shops were known to serve pozole, a type of stew similar to hominy that is a staple of Guadalajara, Jalisco.[143]. Also construction of an underground rail system was begun in 1968 in order to help curb air pollution problems and alleviate traffic congestion. The city had been the capital of the Aztec empire and in the colonial era, Mexico City became the capital of New Spain. Traditionally, the position has been considered as the second most important executive office in the country.[96]. [43], Although the Spanish preserved Tenochtitlan's basic layout, they built Catholic churches over the old Aztec temples and claimed the imperial palaces for themselves. Snow falls in the city very rarely, although somewhat more often in nearby mountain tops. Ida Altman, Sarah Cline, and Javier Pescador. Cárdenas promised a more democratic government, and his party claimed some victories against crime, pollution, and other major problems. The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people,[17] with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers (573 sq mi). Having been capital of a vast pre-Hispanic empire, and also the capital of richest viceroyalty within the Spanish Empire (ruling over a vast territory in the Americas and Spanish West Indies), and, finally, the capital of the United Mexican States, Mexico City has a rich history of artistic expression. 3. [26] On that date, Mexico City began a transition to become the country's 32nd federal entity, giving it a level of autonomy comparable to that of a state. Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (/ ˈ tʃ æ v ɛ z /, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈuɣo rafaˈel ˈtʃaβes ˈfɾi.as] (); 28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician who was president of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013, except for a brief period in April 2002. There is an environmental program, called Hoy No Circula ("Today Does Not Run", or "One Day without a Car"), whereby vehicles that have not passed emissions testing are restricted from circulating on certain days according to the ending digit of their license plates; this in an attempt to cut down on pollution and traffic congestion. The metro transports 4.4 million people every day. 11. This avenue was designed over the Americas' oldest known major roadway in the 19th century to connect the National Palace (seat of government) with the Castle of Chapultepec, the imperial residence. [120], Representing around 18.74% of the city's population, indigenous peoples from different areas of Mexico have migrated to the capital in search of better economic opportunities. For other uses, see. In 2013 the Supervía Poniente opened, a toll road linking the new Santa Fe business district with southwestern Mexico City. The house where Leon Trotsky was initially granted asylum and finally murdered in 1940 is also in Coyoacán. [53] Before this designation, Mexico City had served as the seat of government for both the State of Mexico and the nation as a whole. Nahuatl, Otomi, Mixtec, Zapotec and Mazahua are the indigenous languages with the greatest number of speakers in Mexico City.[121]. [87], The Acta Constitutiva de la Federación of 31 January 1824, and the Federal Constitution of 4 October 1824,[89] fixed the political and administrative organization of the United Mexican States after the Mexican War of Independence. Mexico City's golf courses have hosted Women's LPGA action, and two Men's Golf World Cups. Nevertheless, discontent and protests began in the 1960s leading to the massacre of an unknown number of protesting students in Tlatelolco.[52]. [74][79] After the disappearance of Lake Texcoco, snow has never fallen again over Mexico City. Recent exhibits have included those on David LaChapelle, Antony Gormley and Ron Mueck. In 2017, NBA commissioner Adam Silver expressed interest in placing an NBA G League expansion team in Mexico City as early as 2018. Greater Mexico City is formed by Mexico City, 60 municipalities from the State of Mexico and one from the state of Hidalgo. [160] As each line opened, the 'pesero' minibuses were removed from each route, in order to reduce pollution and commute times. Aeroméxico (Skyteam) is based at this airport, and provide codeshare agreements with non-Mexican airlines that span the entire globe. Bernardino Álvarez de San Hipólito, founder of the Hospital de la Santa Cruz in Oaxtepec, Agustina Andrade (1695-? Urban sprawl continues further east for many miles into the State of Mexico, including Ciudad Nezahualcoyotl, now increasingly middle class but once full of informal settlements. Benito Juárez borough had the highest HDI of the country (0.9510) followed by Miguel Hidalgo, which came up fourth nationally with an HDI of (0.9189), and Coyoacán was fifth nationally, with an HDI of (0.9169). In late 2016 they transported an average of 1.1 million passengers daily. Ring roads are the Circuito Interior (inner ring), Anillo Periférico; the Circuito Exterior Mexiquense ("State of Mexico outer loop") toll road skirting the northeastern and eastern edges of the metropolitan area,[164] the Chamapa-La Venta toll road skirting the northwestern edge, and the Arco Norte completely bypassing the metropolitan area in an arc from northwest (Atlacomulco) to north (Tula, Hidalgo) to east (Puebla). 430,978) [14][15] Mexico City is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world. Due to these initiatives and others, the air quality in Mexico City has begun to improve; it is cleaner than it was in 1991, when the air quality was declared to be a public health risk for 355 days of the year. XEIPN 11, Originally much of the valley lay beneath the waters of Lake Texcoco, a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes. Tezcapotzin, warrior from Cuauhnáhuac who caught Cuautzinten, Tzontecomatl, leader of Tlahuica groups of the Chicomostoc tribe who first arrived in Cuauhnáhuac, Francisco de Contreras (¿?-1610), governor of Xochimilco de Cuauhnáhuac, Epigmenio de la Piedra (1792-1873), Deputy from Cuernavaca who signed the. 8. stationery) are housed; originally these were organized to accommodate vendors formerly selling on the street; or simply from improvised stalls on a city sidewalk. Unlike those of Mexican states' schools, curricula of Mexico City's public schools is managed by the federal Secretary of Public Education. [162], Mexibús provides 3 bus rapid transit lines connecting Metro Ciudad Azteca and Metro Pantitlán with Cuautitlán, Ecatepec and other suburban areas in the State of Mexico.[163]. Best known are the Colegio Alemán (German school with three main campuses), the Liceo Mexicano Japonés (Japanese), the Centro Cultural Coreano en México (Korean), the Lycée Franco-Mexicain (French), the American School, The Westhill Institute (American School), the Edron Academy and the Greengates School (British). [23] Mexico City was the political, administrative, and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire. The far-southern boroughs of Xochimilco and Tláhuac have a significant rural population, with Milpa Alta being entirely rural. It is also Mexico's most important for the printed media and book publishing industries. The cool sunny winter runs from November to April, when the air is relatively drier, the driest month being December. [citation needed] It also has a large collection of Dalí sculptures, and recently began showing pieces in its masters collection including El Greco, Velázquez, Picasso and Canaletto. December 1520 – Siege, Starvation & Smallpox", "Conquistadors – Cortés. Many local firms also compete in the sector, including Alazraki, Olabuenaga/Chemistri, Terán, Augusto Elías, and Clemente Cámara, among others. Three of Lima's Haute restaurants, serving Peruvian cuisine, have locations in Mexico City: La Mar, Segundo Muelle and Astrid y Gastón. [186] There are many smaller parks throughout the city. The effects of the draining of Lake Texcoco and global warming have greatly reduced snowfalls after the snow flurries of 12 February 1907. The boroughs of Mexico City with their 2010 populations are:[98], 1. 531,831) 1,815,786) [66] Seismic activity is frequent there. Another piece of architecture is the Palacio de Bellas Artes, a white marble theatre/museum whose weight is such that it has gradually been sinking into the soft ground below. Recent additions include the 20,000-seat Arena Ciudad de México, the 3,000-seat Pepsi Center World Trade Center, and the 2,500-seat Auditorio Blackberry. XHUNAM 20, The facility is in Xochimilco borough in southern Mexico City and includes several buildings surrounded by sprawling manicured lawns. While Mexico City was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor, the municipalities within it were autonomous, and this duality of powers created tension between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century. It has since been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Cirque du Soleil has held several seasons at the Carpa Santa Fe, in the Santa Fe district in the western part of the city. In southern Mexico City, the Museo Carrillo Gil (Carrillo Gil Museum) showcases avant-garde artists, as does the University Museum/Contemporary Art (Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo – or MUAC), designed by famed Mexican architect Teodoro González de León, inaugurated in late 2008. Heads of government are elected for a six-year period without the possibility of re-election. Such slums are still found on the eastern edges of the metropolitan area in the Chalco area. [191] It has more than 301 specimens of 51 species of wild native or endemic fauna from the area, featuring eagles, ajolotes, coyotes, macaws, bobcats, Mexican wolves, raccoons, mountain lions, teporingos, foxes, white-tailed deer.[192]. [50] The concept of nobility in Mexico was not political but rather a very conservative Spanish social one, based on proving the worthiness of the family. [38] Reseña de la 3era Feria del Libro en Lenguas Indígenas Xoxocotla, 2012. 385,439) "come on, come on"), who ask drivers for a fee to park. It has over 201 km (125 mi) of track and carries over 5 million people every day. [199], During all the colony the city's motto was "Muy Noble e Insigne, Muy Leal e Imperial" (Very Noble and Distinguished, Very Loyal and Imperial).[200][201]. A staple for consumers in the city is the omnipresent "mercado". The Historic Center of Mexico City is widely known for specialized, often low-cost retailers. Trucks must use only liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Chapultepec Park houses the Chapultepec Castle, now a museum on a hill that overlooks the park and its numerous museums, monuments and the national zoo and the National Museum of Anthropology (which houses the Aztec Calendar Stone). During the 19th century, an important producer of art was the Academia de San Carlos (San Carlos Art Academy), founded during colonial times, and which later became the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas (the National School of Arts) including painting, sculpture and graphic design, one of UNAM's art schools. In 1980 half of all the industrial jobs in Mexico were located in Mexico City. Mexico City is located in the Valley of Mexico, sometimes called the Basin of Mexico. Another important avenue is the Avenida de los Insurgentes, which extends 28.8 km (17.9 mi) and is one of the longest single avenues in the world. [72] At the Tacubaya observatory, the lowest temperature ever registered was −4.4 °C (24 °F) on 13 February 1960, and the highest temperature on record was 33.9 °C (93 °F) on 9 May 1998.[73]. The crowds of laborers were so numerous that one could hardly move in the streets and causeways, although they are very wide. The daughter of U.S. President Joe Biden and First Lady Jill Biden, she served as the executive director of the Delaware Center for Justice from 2014 to 2019. The city's main source of fresh produce is the Central de Abasto. Mexico City is divided into 40 electoral constituencies of similar population which elect one representative by the plurality voting system, locally called "uninominal deputies". Bicycle-service users have access to several permanent Ciclovías (dedicated bike paths/lanes/streets), including ones along Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida Chapultepec as well as one running 59 kilometers (37 miles) from Polanco to Fierro del Toro, which is located south of Cumbres del Ajusco National Park, near the Morelos state line. The Historic Center, in the borough of Cuauhtémoc, is the oldest part of the city (along with some other, formerly separate colonial towns such as Coyoacán and San Ángel), some of the buildings dating back to the 16th century. The first portions were opened in 1969 and it has expanded to 12 lines with 195 stations. Amusement parks include Six Flags México, in Ajusco neighborhood which is the largest in Latin America. Designed by the most prestigious architects of the era, including Mario Pani, Eugenio Peschard, and Enrique del Moral, the buildings feature murals by artists Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and José Chávez Morado. Mexico's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people, the other being Quito, Ecuador. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán,[23] and as of 1585, it was officially known as Ciudad de México (Mexico City). By contrast, corporate office buildings set their base in the city. Claudio Reyes Rubio (b. Many of these palaces can still be seen today, leading to Mexico City's nickname of "The city of palaces" given by Alexander Von Humboldt. Mexico City is a destination for many foreign tourists. Cuajimalpa (15th), Cuauhtémoc (23rd), and Azcapotzalco (25th) also had very high values of 0.8994, 0.8922, and 0.8915, respectively. A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France. That year, the presidency was set between the P.R.I. Association football is the country's most popular and most televised franchised sport. While many pieces of pottery and stone-engraving have survived, the great majority of the Amerindian iconography was destroyed during the Conquest of Mexico. Her house has become a museum that displays many of her works.[134]. Estimates are as high as 700,000 U.S. Americans living in Mexico City, while in 1999 the U.S. Bureau of Consular Affairs estimated over 440,000 Americans lived in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Diaz's plans called for the entire city to eventually be modernized or rebuilt in the Porfirian/French style of the Colonia Roma; but the Mexican Revolution began soon afterward and the plans never came to fruition, with many projects being left half-completed. [40] Cortés regrouped at Tlaxcala. The National Museum of Art (Museo Nacional de Arte) is also located in a former palace in the historic center. Mexico City offers an immense and varied consumer retail market, ranging from basic foods to ultra high-end luxury goods. [according to whom?] As part of the recent changes in autonomy, the budget is administered locally; it is proposed by the head of government and approved by the Legislative Assembly. The wet humid summer runs from May to October when winds bring in tropical moisture from the sea, the wettest month being July. [181] The main department stores are also represented downtown. Franciscan friar Toribio de Benavente Motolinia, one of the Twelve Apostles of Mexico who arrived in New Spain in 1524, described the rebuilding of the city as one of the afflictions or plagues of the early period: The seventh plague was the construction of the great City of Mexico, which, during the early years used more people than in the construction of Jerusalem. By that time, the city had again become a city-state, having power that extended far beyond its borders. Operation is a concession to the private firms (SAUSA, COTOBUSA, TREPSA) instead of to individual vehicle operators. In 1900, the population of Mexico City was about 500,000. But it was English politician Charles Latrobe who really penned the following: "... look at their works: the moles, aqueducts, churches, roads—and the luxurious City of Palaces which has risen from the clay-builts ruins of Tenochtitlan...", on page 84 of the Letter V of The Rambler in Mexico. Other well-known central neighborhoods include Condesa, known for its Art Deco architecture and its restaurant scene; Colonia Roma, a beaux arts neighborhood and artistic and culinary hot-spot, the Zona Rosa, formerly the center of nightlife and restaurants, now reborn as the center of the LGBT and Korean-Mexican communities; and Tepito and La Lagunilla, known for their local working-class folklore and large flea markets. The Estadio Azul, which seats 33,042 fans, is near the World Trade Center Mexico City in the Nochebuena neighborhood, and is home to the giants Cruz Azul. The principal fish market is known as La Nueva Viga, in the same complex as the Central de Abastos. The counting system "fell" because coincidentally the light went out and suddenly, when it returned, the winning candidate was Salinas, even though Cárdenas had the upper hand. [78] The 1967 snowstorm coincided with the operation of Deep Drainage System that resulted in the total draining of what was left of Lake Texcoco. This includes North America's second-largest bicycle sharing system, EcoBici, launched in 2010, in which registered residents can get bicycles for 45 minutes with a pre-paid subscription of 300 pesos a year. Attacks on the Belén and San Cosme Gates came afterwards. Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo (1983–1987) VIII OBISPO", "Silencio y misterio en el asesinato del ex diplomático", "Alain Elkann Interviews Maria José of Savoy last Queen of Italy", "Personajes Notables que han vivido en el estado de Morelos", "Moctezuma Ilhuicamina, "El que se muestra enojado, el que flecha al cielo" (1440–1469)", "El jardín de Moctezuma: la historia de cómo la belleza conquistó a un guerrero y emperador – + De Morelos", "El sha de Irán se instala temporalmente en México", "Vejez, muerte y renacer de Ce Ácatl Topiltzin Quetzalcóatl", "Perfil del legislador: Martínez Rojas, Andrés Eloy", "Alfredo Quinto, fisicoquímico investigador del TecNM, elegido por la Universidad de Oxford", "La breve exploración de este magnífico personaje puso a Cuernavaca en el mapa mundial – + De Morelos", "¿Por qué le decimos Ciudad de la Eterna Primavera a Cuernavaca? Gustavo A. Madero (pop. Traditional markets downtown include the La Merced Market; the Mercado de Jamaica specializes in fresh flowers, the Mercado de Sonora in the occult, and La Lagunilla in furniture. At the other end of the scale are working class pulque bars known as pulquerías, a challenge for tourists to locate and experience. Mexico City's HDI for the 2005 report was 0.9012 (very high), and its 2010 value of 0.9225 (very high), or (by newer methodology) 0.8307, was Mexico's highest. When the Federal District was created in 1824, the urban area of Mexico City extended approximately to the area of today's Cuauhtémoc borough. Yei Amoxilhuitl in Xoxokotlan", "Calisphere: Cuernavaca, Mexico, 1945 – Mrs. Stanford Steinbeck, Gwyndolyn, Thom and John Steinbeck", José Urbán Aguirre una leyenda de Morelos, "Extranjeros perdidos en México: La aventura de Julio Verne de 1851", "¿Sabías qué...? When the Spaniards arrived, the Aztec Empire had reached much of Mesoamerica, touching both the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. Secretaría del Medio Ambiente del Distrito Federal, SMA (2002) Programa para Mejorar la Calidad del Aire de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, Gobierno del Distrito Federal", "Normales climatológicas para Mexico-Central-Tacubaya D.F. 2005 also marked the first running of the Mexico City 250 by the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series. 360,265) Mexico City is home to a number of orchestras offering season programs. The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized. Directly in front of this building is the Museo Nacional de Arte (Munal) (the National Museum of Art). Another American author, William S. Burroughs, also lived in the Colonia Roma neighborhood of the city for some time. By draining the area, the mosquito population dropped as did the frequency of the diseases they spread. The Battle for Mexico City was the series of engagements from 8 to 15 September 1847, in the general vicinity of Mexico City during the U.S. Mexican War. Estructuras y diagramas, de Enid Balam", "El Centro Intercultural de Formación, Cuernavaca, México, sus informes (1962–1967) y la visión crítica de Illich sobre la misión en América Latina", "Baltasar López Bucio, el padre del pueblo", "Mons. [195][196] Leading magazines include Expansión, Proceso, Poder, as well as dozens of entertainment publications such as Vanidades, Quién, Chilango, TV Notas, and local editions of Vogue, GQ, and Architectural Digest. [109] According to a study conducted by PwC, Mexico City had a GDP of $390 billion, ranking it as the eighth richest city in the world and the richest in Latin America. The city is colloquially known as Chilangolandia after the locals' nickname chilangos. In 2012, elections were held for the post of head of government and the representatives of the Legislative Assembly.
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