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18 0 obj Earthquake Hazard and Risk Assessment Key words: vulnerability function, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), ground motion prediction equation (GMPE), exposure model, earthquake hazard map UNISDR 2017 1.
Why bigger earthquakes are much more destructive. The type of deformation that takes place during an earthquake generally occurs along zones where rocks fracture to produce faults. 4 0 obj This motion creates buildup and releases energy stored in rocks at and near the Earth’s surface. earthquake, where the shaking is strongest and most damage occurs. 30 0 obj The Richter scale is logarithmic, not linear.The further up the scale you go, the more significant every new step up the scale becomes. 77 23 0 obj
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endobj /Cs1 7 0 R >> /ExtGState << /Gs2 32 0 R /Gs1 33 0 R >> /Font << /TT1.0 31 0 R You can see what this means in practice by looking at a graph of how the amplitude (height) of the seismic waves in an earthquake increases as you go up the Richter scale. What is an earthquake Movements within the Earth’s crust cause stress to build up at points of weakness, and rocks to deform. Yours or mine? << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >>
Most earthquakes occur along zones where the Earth's crust is undergoing deformation. h�b```f``2b`e`�q`d@ A�(�"��D�N��%�z�����X)�"���5O�8�{�\���ު>�������d��#)Z�ʊ`"I���������z�^�^��&MX�&��R���>��5��7�I��H�������P���2@D1@
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<< /ProcSet [ /PDF ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R >> >> Citation: Chen, T., and N. Lapusta (2009), Scaling of small repeating earthquakes explained by interaction of seismic and aseismic This booklet will explain: what an earthquake is; why and where they occur; how the vibrations from an earthquake travel as waves through the Earth; how we measure them; the Earth’s largest and most damaging earthquakes; and, earthquakes in the UK. endstream |0 4� 28 0 obj 222 0 obj
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repeating earthquakes, provides indirect evidence that rate and state friction acts on natural faults, and has important implications for possible scenarios of slip partition into seismic and aseismic parts. 2. Explain that the stress within the crust of the Earth causes the Earth to "relieve" itself in the form of earthquakes and volcanoes. On their worksheet, have the students trace the words.
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U��;����O6g�PK�`=¤����V��`}�l@�+ Before we can understand earthquakes, we first must explore deformation of rocks and faulting.
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In simple terms, earthquakes are caused by the constant motion of Earth’s surface. /Pl1 35 0 R >> >> Tell the class that earthquakes can occur without volcanoes, but volcanoes are always accompanied by earthquakes. endobj •By definition: point below Earth’s surface where the rock breaks along a fault and energy is released. 211 0 obj
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,"9=@d#�t����ۀ������z#��I&�30 stream endobj The uncontrolled growth of the global population led to an increase in annual earthquake-related losses from US$ 14 billion in 1985 to more than US$ 140 billion in 2014. >> /XObject << /Im3 16 0 R /Im2 11 0 R /Im1 8 0 R /Im4 21 0 R /Im5 26 0 R %��������� Fault? folklore to explain them. Focus? 6 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /XObject << /Im6 36 0 R >> >>
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